Where does carbon monoxide come from?

Where does carbon monoxide come from? and more carbon dioxide facts. We hope this article helps you understand the dangers of carbon dioxide and what you can do to ensure you are protected from this invisible killer.

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Where does carbon monoxide come from?

Carbon Monoxide or CO, is an odorless, colorless toxic gas produced as a result of an incomplete combustion of materials containing carbon such as wood or even plastic. Carbon Monoxide is highly flammable. It is slightly denser than air and its structure is made up of one Carbon atom and one oxygen atom. These atoms are interlinked by a triple bond made up of two covalent bonds and one dative (two-electron) covalent bond. Carbon Monoxide forms when there lacks the oxygen required for carbon dioxide to be produced. This may be the case when a fire occurs, or should a combustion engine be operated in an enclosed space.

Though naturally produced in low quantities by our metabolism, it is highly toxic in densities over 35 ppm and severe CO intoxication is most often fatal.

Being in the presence of burning coal and inhaling the fumes may lead to mild to severe carbon monoxide poisoning. This is the leading cause of air-poisoning related deaths, particularly in largely industrial countries.

It must however be noted almost a third of such deaths happen in domestic situations.

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Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Though most CO-induced deaths result from fires, a significant portion is due to constant exposure to automobile exhaust, or improperly vented water heaters, as well as the fumes from charcoal grills and common stoves.

Poisoning may also be caused by the inhaling of degreaser, solvent and paint-remover vapors.

Individuals particularly at risk of such poisoning include:

• Children ; especially when sat at the back of pick-up trucks
• Factory workers
• Mill workers
• Fire brigade personnel
• Drivers in industrial cities

Due to how difficult fires may be to prevent, you or your loved ones could also be at risk in your day-to-day life.

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Portable Generators & Carbon Monoxide Risks

Every year, about 47 to 103 people die in the US due to carbon monoxide poisoning from portable generators. In 2018, the Portable Generator Manufacturers’ Association (PGMA) proposed a solution to have manufacturers voluntarily install carbon monoxide sensors on their portable generators, and many of them did, but sadly, many of them did not. Again, these were voluntary so there were no repercussions for not adding this safety feature.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has recently released a 104 page report on how effective this voluntary experiment was it was determined that there needs to legislation to enforce minimum standards that would ultimately guarantee that nobody would die from CO poisoning. Finally, generator companies are being forced to answer questions as to why they failed to implement technology in their generators that would save lives.This is too little too late for those who have needlessly died.

Chart — Fatalities from CO poisoning from Portable Generators

CPSC recently contacted UL Solutions and requested they put together a special group to brainstorm and write a proposal for the minimum requirements portable generators should have to solve this problem. In the end, they came up with these two obvious requirements:

The solution to preventing deaths from the CO emitted from a generator is very simple and yet it has taken decades to finally enforce the solution on manufacturers, and they are as follows:

UL 2201 states that every generator sold needs to have an ultra-low amount of carbon monoxide emitted. In order to achieve this low emission rate, generators need to have an electronic fuel injection (EFI) system and an onboard electronic engine management system. Incidentally Honda has had this on some of their generators but their newest EU3200I inverter generator will have EFI and a carbon monoxide sensor with automatic shutoff, and this is the second half of the solution —-

Every generator must also have a CO sensor with automatic shutoff. The combination of these features will ensure that nobody ever dies from carbon monoxide poisoning from using a portable generator. This will soon be law as voluntary solutions failed to motivate manufacturers to do the right thing, and this is very disappointing.

If you’re looking for a generator with CO monitoring and shut-off, I recommend reading our guide to buying the right inverter generator, and in there you’ll also find details on the Honda EU3200i.

Generator Safety to Prevent Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:

• Never operate a portable generator inside a home, garage, basement, crawlspace, shed or on the porch. Opening doors or windows does not help.
• Operate portable generators outside only AND at least 20 feet away from your house.
• Direct your generator exhaust away from your home and any other entrances or structures around your home, like your garage, barn, or storage shed.
• Do the proper maintenance and read the manual in full so you know everything about your generator.
• Buy a portable generator with carbon monoxide monitoring and that shuts off automatically when CO levels get high.
• Buy a generator with certification to these accepted standards: PGMA G300-2018 and UL 2201. These are estimated to reduce deaths from CO poisoning by 87% and 100%, respectively.

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What is Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?

When exposed to CO fumes, the poison binds to your hemoglobin (iron carrying oxygen in red-blood cells) and replaces its oxygen. It is absorbed through the lungs, which besides starving your body of oxygen, can lead to hypoxic injury and nervous system damage. It is reported that different people may have different tolerance levels of the toxic gas. Smokers, for instance, due to their constant exposure, may grow a relatively higher tolerance while children generally are particularly sensitive. CO intoxication starts at an exposure of 0.0035% Carbon Monoxide air concentration. Being relatively mild, this exposure usually only leads to headache and dizziness, but may have long-term nefarious effects on your body.

Starting from a 0.08% concentration ( air looking relatively thicker and is clouded with visible smoke, the smell of burning objects is palpable) you are more likely to experience more aggressive symptoms, and it is imperative you must distance yourself from the smoke and call for assistance:

Signs of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Convulsions
• Increased heart-rate
• Impaired judgement
• Confusion
• Shortness of breath

Should you be exposed to higher concentrations, you may faint, fall into a coma, or even faint. It is then imperative to avoid getting into such situations, or to prevent the further spreading of a fire.

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Testing For Carbon Monoxide

If you’re brought to an emergency room with suspected carbon monoxide poisoning, you may begin treatment immediately, because time is crucial in such cases. Your doctor will order the following tests to check for the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) in your blood.

• CO blood test
• CO blood gas
• Arterial blood gas

These tests are essential to confirm your diagnosis and to have a better understanding of the amount of carbon monoxide you were subjected to.

While testing for carbon monoxide poisoning is relatively easy, it is in definite last resort. This will be done by your doctors soon as you’re brought to the emergency room with the suspicion or a noticeable case of CO poisoning. If you are brought into the hospital too late and your intoxication is acute, there could be very little to be done in order to help you. Sad, but true.

For these reasons, it is entirely safer and wiser to prevent poisoning by frequently testing for carbon monoxide presence in the air. Vigilance regarding wood-burning stoves may prevent a few incidents, but many incidents occur at night, while you are sleeping.

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Installing a Carbon Monoxide & Smoke Detector

Installing a carbon monoxide detector in each room, as well as hallways and corridors of a building or house, will limit the risks of toxic smoke spreading without your knowledge. A variety of detectors exist, and they each have different qualities and levels of efficiency. It is then imperative to do the appropriate research before choosing one, to ensure the model you pick is most likely to detect any worrisome smoke presence, while alleviating you of the fear a fire may erupt without your knowledge.

It is advised to follow every manufacturer’s instruction when installing the detector, and making sure the right batteries are used and frequently changed. However, even with such precautions, for the best detector performance, you must choose the best model.

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Nest Carbon Dioxide Detector (and smoke) | 2nd Generation

Nest Protect has a friendly human voice that gives you an early warning, preventing an incident like burning toast from turning into a disaster like a burning toaster.

Features:

• Voice alarms with custom location
• Phone alerts include:
  • Low-battery
  • Smoke
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Sensor failure
• Split-Spectrum Sensor
• Nest App
• App Silence
• Detects carbon monoxide
• Heads-Up alerts
• 10-year product lifetime

Built-in Tech Features: Sound Check, Nightly Promise, Self Test, Pathlight, Steam Check, Wireless Interconnect, Safety History, audibly tells you what to do, Home Report, Emergency Shutoff with Nest Learning Thermostat, Emergency clip record with Nest Cam

This sleek, re-designed model has a hyper-sensitive industrial grade smoke-sensor. Its features, in line with technological advancements, facilitate controlling the device from a distance. The detector can be silenced from your phone should it go off in case of smoke presence in the house, or merely chirp when the batteries require to be changed. You will also receive alerts on your phone that will report the exact problem, facilitating simultaneously requesting for assistance.

The Nest Detector features a warm, calming human voice that will give you warnings in a time-appropriate sequence. The detector also sees both fast and slow burning fires with its two wavelengths of light which sense smoke from smolder and aggressive flames alike.

Though the sensor is reported to be able to work up to a decade, the Nest Detector autonomously uses a discreet sound check to ensure its sirens and speakers are working once every month. The sensor itself and the batteries are checked by the device 400 times a day.

A popular feature of the Nest Protect is its bright pathlight to guide your way along corridors at night, programmed to remember and reproduce your usual path. A comforting way to get yourself a glass of water or milk from the kitchen, it is a nice touch that may seamlessly incorporate the Nest as part of your house’s design.

You may also enjoy its use of special algorithms and humidity sensors to differentiate between smoke and steam, thus enabling you to shower in peace. Working hand in hand with other Nest products to protect your house, this detector is widely acclaimed as the most efficient on the market.

Should you need further information about Carbon Monoxide poisoning or the Nest 2nd Generation Smoke Detector, contact us today. We will be glad to be of assistance.

Sensors | Nest Carbon Monoxide Smoke Detectors

• Split-Spectrum Sensor, 450nm and 880nm wavelength
• 10 year electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor
• Heat sensor, ± 1ºC (± 1.8ºF)
• Humidity sensor, ± 3%RH
• Occupancy sensor, 120º field of view to 6 meters (20 feet)
• Ambient light sensor, 1-100k Lux Dynamic Range
• Omnidirectional microphone, 70dBA SNR